print

http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/inner-visions

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/andrea-zittel-2395

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/andrea-zittel/

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/previews/david-altmejds-strange-juices-/

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/sanja-ivekovic/

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/morgan-fisher/

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/magazine/urban-renewal/

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/patrick-caulfield-873

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/dunstan-interior-viterbo-p06111

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/trevelyan-interior-hammersmith-t03226

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/lichtenstein-interior-with-waterlilies-t07339

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/nicola-moorby-her-indoors-women-artists-and-depictions-of-the-domestic-interior-r1104359

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/lucas-human-toilet-revisited-p78299

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/neel-kitty-pearson-t11923

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/ethel-sands-the-chintz-couch-r1136824

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/meaghan-clarke-sex-and-the-city-the-metropolitan-new-woman-r1105659

http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323936804578230033575053330

http://emptyeasel.com/2009/01/20/a-guide-to-the-golden-ratio-aka-golden-section-or-golden-mean-for-artists/

game of thrones articles october

http://thewretchedryanenglish.com/2014/01/06/641/

pg 6

https://www.google.ie/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=female+nudity+on+tv&start=50

game of thrones nudity

http://www.salon.com/2014/04/11/we_need_to_talk_about_the_nudity_on_game_of_thrones/

http://www.themarysue.com/game-of-thrones-nudity/

http://www.themarysue.com/game-of-thrones-no-nudity/

http://www.bustle.com/articles/18321-game-of-thrones-nude-scenes-will-hopefully-look-a-lot-different-in-season-4

alot of powerful women in game of thrones are often seen nude. perhaps female power is connected to their sexuality

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/10735304/Game-of-Thrones-nowhere-else-on-TV-do-you-get-women-this-good.html

http://www.mtv.com/news/1721421/girls-true-blood-game-of-thrones-nudity-comparison/

thesis ideas

I want to research the issue of body image and the female nude in relation to film and painting.
In my previous essay I had started this subject but barely got to touch on some important points. I had only discussed Lisa Yuskavage and a small bit on Lena Dunham's Girls show. Here are some more areas that I want to look into and discuss further and connect.

FILM AND TV
Lena Dunham - film and tv
                        - american culture and media
                        - the medias response and backlash
                        - recieved alot of hate for girls

New series Outlander has scenes that are made for viewing pleasure of the female



ART
John Currin - how his erotic works are perceived differently to Lisa yuskavage because of gender
                    - pornography same as Lisa yuskavage
                   


Different feminist art, erotic vs grotesque - Lisa yuskavage vs Jenny Saville, and how currins are quite erotic

Cecile Brown and her works

pipilotti rist

How female artists painting female nudes are perceived differently. if the woman is overweight the issue becomes about weight, if the woman is old the issue is age, and self portraits are often seen as narcissist if the artist is female, male artists are given more leeway and more freedom in the way of perception.

article on new series outlander with regards to making scenes for the womans view

http://www.buzzfeed.com/annehelenpetersen/watch-outlander

ditma

http://www.dit.ie/news/archive2013/dit-launches-new-msc-in-event-management/

http://www.dit.ie/postgrad/programmes/dt9413mscineventmanagementfulltime-septjan/

Lou Ros

http://symposium.cornellcollege.edu/2007/04/14/three-friends-feminist-possibility-in-john-currins-work/

http://feministing.com/2010/02/25/guest-post-feminism-disability-and-john-currin/

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/john-currin-the-filth-and-the-fury-795525.html

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/in-the-studio-cecily-brown-painter-8970291.html

http://www.independent.ie/business/technology/new-app-sheds-virtual-weight-so-faces-look-thinner-on-selfies-30165837.html

Lisa yuskavage research

http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/lisa-yuskavage/

http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlearts/2013/05/26/lisa-yuskavage-upstaging-masculinity-and-speaking-to-the-power-of-pretty/

 http://www.claireoliver.com/press/30/09_ArtInAmerica_1997.pdf

http://www.salon.com/2014/01/10/tv_critic_mad_because_the_nudity_on_girls_doesnt_titillate_him/

Nudity is also an enduring and essential part of the social critique of women artists.  The works of Lorna Simpson, Judy Chicago, Ana Medieta, Carolee Schneemann, Yoko Ono, Marina Abramovic, Hanna Wilke and so many others speak to identity, race, sex and class, using women’s naked bodies to do it. 

find book

Katy Deepwell, 'bad girls? Feminist identity politics in the 1990s, in Juliet Steyn, ed., Other than identity: the subject, politics, and art

find Female masculinity by Schorr

Sarah Lucas

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/reviews/art-review-sarah-lucas-situation--there-are-boobs-and-bum-aplenty-but-there-is-also-a-point-8851802.html

http://artreview.com/features/sarah_lucas_profile/

http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/25/arts/art-in-review-sarah-lucas.html

Tracey Emin

http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/may/26/tracey-emin-saturday-interview

http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/may/22/tracey-emin-love-hayward-review

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/10303972/Tracey-Emin-is-this-generations-Da-Vinci-claims-critic.html

http://www.egs.edu/faculty/tracey-emin/articles/art-review-the-art-of-tracey-emin/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjWJoab8K1U

Suite Charlie

http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/21/arts/art-in-review-cecily-brown.html

girls girls girls

pg 1 introduction

since the mid 1990s, the subject of girls, girlhood and girlishness has provided a focal point for a wide range of aesthetically and affectively acclaimed art. but while critical controversy has surrounded much of this work, raarely has it penetrated omre than skin deep. critics have debated the use of girls - as images and as artist personas - in the work of contemporary artists from anna gaskell to sue de beer to eija-liisa ahtila. 

yet over a decade has passed since the eruption of girls in contemporary art, and the subject no onger qalifies as a "passing phase". The representation of girls and girhood by women artists is a phenomenon that continues to provoke questions about the state of feminism sexuality and identity in western culture, articulated by a diverse range of contemporary artists for whom politics are ambiguously blended alongside the associations of girlhood with spectacular consumer culture.

rather than siply replaying the stereotypes of femininity, the figure of the girl has been used by many contemporary artists to question the stability of sexual and gendered identity.

pg 2

Judith Butler (feminist cultural critic and philosopher) has argued, ' it becomes impossible to seperate out "gender" from the political and cultural intersections in which it is invariably produced and maintained'.

it is an exploration of the instability itsel that is aided by selecting girls as representational subjects.

"girlhood is not meant simply as an age but as an alegorical state.."

In an essay from 1980 she (Angela McRobbie) argues that the spaces girls create for themselves are ambiguous, focused on both the creation of a sexualised identity that conforms with mainstream notions of femininity and as a potential space of resistance to the requirements of heterosecuality and motherhood through the creation of an all girl subculture. "

Page 3

As Anite Harris maps out, 'girlhood is not a fixed period o time but is subject to historical and social specificities'..

Catherine Driscoll - "girlhood is also historically and culturally specific. "Girls, young women and feminine adolescents/ were highly visible in twentieth century western cultures - mostly as a marker of immature and malleable identity, and as a publiicly preeminent image of desirability.

The marketing industry has stretched the definition of preteen or tween downwards to age six or thereabouts, and in fact it is tween girls that the ever hungry consumer arker is increaslingly targeting in the early 2000s.

Page 8

"poised between the increasing use of the adolescent girl as the ideal image of femininity in visual culture, and the politicized use of girlhood in movements such as the riot grrrls, contemporary artists draw on a history of girl figures in which the potential for female agency is often held in tension wth the commodification of the female body. The teenager, as opposed to the adolescent, was a catagory of consumer who emerged in the post war economic boom in america and then europe.

focus was placed on boys from 1960s onwards.. "This blindness to girls has been redressed in the last decade, with numerous studies of girls ...

This interest in part reflects how a self conscious girl culture had grown in both alternative and mainstream venues since the late 1980s.

coinciding with third wave feminism, these musical and visual movements were decidedly femme, taking back the girl shopping mall looks of lipstick wearing cleavage flaunting and short shirt strutting with a few "sluts"  and "bite me's" thrown in. If women were to be eroticised, the grrrls would, like mainstream predeecessor Madonna... The reclamation of the girl, in this contexxt, was not about a category of consumer but a way of foregrounding an active sexuality that many riot grrrls felt had been lost in second wave feminism.

pg 9

"a new precedent for this new generation of girl art can be seen in the work of artists from the early 1990s dubbed "bad girls" - from pornographic paintings of Sue Williams to the posturing of young British artists Tracey Emin and Sarah Lucas.

pg 11

"Today, consumer culture images of the Knowing child have become particularly sexualized: knowingness, based on complex factors, becomes narrowed to images of adult sexuality projected onto girls, as in Bratz dolls and many other toys and advertisements. Conversely, much of the contemporary work featuring the girl focuses on adult womens closeness to the girl, rather than the sexualization of the child, and the points of identification or resemblance that activate moments of recognition.

pg 13

"..contemporary images of girls perform as central figures for a range of adult female explorations."

"..images of girls can function as metaphors for the developing self at a range of ages. They are also representations of feminine desire, memory, fantasy, and politcal and aesthetic commentary at a historically unique moment of broaad cultural and consumer focus on girlhood.

pg 161 essay "Baby Butches and Reluctant Lolitas: Collier Schorr and Hellen van Meene" by Catherine Grant

pg 165

Judith Butler said in her book The psychic Life of Power " Called by an injurious name, I came into social being, and because I hve a certain inevitable attachment to my existence, because a certain narcissism takes hold of any term that confers existence, I am led to embrace the terms that injure me because they constitute me socially... As a further paradox, then, only by occupying - being occupied by - that injurious term can I restist and oppose it, recasting the power that constitutes me as the power I oppose".

Here narcissism is seen as a mode of self preservation, a way of reweorking reality by inhabiting what at first appears to be defining identity negatively.

Pg 166

...simplistic narcissistic engagement of the female photographer photographing the female model, over and over again, i will argue that bother photographers utilize narcissism and nostalgia together to provide a multiple set of identifications within each image.

167

(freud) Whilst he also acknowledged a primary narcissism present in everyone, for Freud there is an increase in narcissism for women in puberty
he said "it seems evident that another persons narcissism [the woman's] has a great attraction for thse who have renounced part of their own narcissism [men] and are in search of object - love. He also comments that children and animals are mainy attractive due to their narcissism and 'inaccessibility', linking femininity with infantilism, in need of direction.

pg 168

".. the linking of woman with the figure of Narcissus in the history of art - gazing into the mirror, enthralled by her own image, unaware of the viewer - and the narcissistic position incorporates love of the self, homosexual desire and feminization.

OH MOTHER WHERE ART THOU? SUE DE BEER'S HYSTERICAL ORPHAN GIRLS BY KATE RANDOM LOVE
pg 128

in the 60s and 70s the work of women artists was often referred to within the art historical discourse o the late 1990s and early 2000s as somehow "adolescent". This notion of adolescence' most frequently circulated around representations o the female/feminist body.

Amy Lyford " subsequently asked if there was a way to 'address the process o 'retrospection' whereby feminist art that explicitly engages the "reality" of the female body in the 1970s ends up looking like a wayward teenager?

the book of symbols. notes.

pg 338 -
skin is associated with everything from the wonders of touch to racial profiling. Sensual, erotic, it has inspired standards of beauty captured in portraiture as well as a vast cosmetics industry and the poaching of rare animals - for compared to their hairy and often gorgeous pelts, the skin of homo spaiens is considered naked. skin is a responsive tactile boundary etween self and other and the inside and outside of the individual. vital to survival, skin si the geography where two can meet.

Make up on the skin represents both play and decorative art that creates a persona for the drama of life.

pg 366 -

on the other hand, the mouth is the emblem of eros and its lovely kisses. the feminine mouth in particular has been an objet of beauty from the fashion for the tiny rouged rosebud mouth to the vogue for arge sensual mouths and swollen bee stung lips.

http://books.google.ie/books?id=l2uIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=nude+female+non+sexual&source=bl&ots=tleIp_V3mj&sig=4v_nTDqUuoEM98IFBOyYl5iN1O0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=S_EVU8rbEOjA7AbInICgDw&ved=0CHsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=nude%20female%20non%20sexual&f=false

6 reasons female nudity can be powerful

http://www.salon.com/2014/01/22/6_reasons_female_nudity_can_be_powerful/

A reporter's question about Lena Dunham's nudity pointed to a bigger issue: Naked women can threaten the status quo

PRINT PRINT PRINT

http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-lena-dunham-bikini-mindy-kaling-body-image-20140221,0,1328530.story#axzz2ucx8ZHQn

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/15/girls-nudity-lena-dunham-refreshing

http://www.virtuousreality.com/questions/2007/09/i_hate_the_way_i_look_without.html

typed into ask.com "I feel bad without make up"

got

Every summer I spent a week at a camp where I wasn’t allowed to wear makeup. I called it my “ugly week.”

I would purposely not look people in the eye, because I was so self-conscious

“The Lord does not look at the things man looks at. Man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart” (1 Samuel 16:7b) 

Peter Hoffman'

In his series Fox River Derivatives Peter Hoffman decided to augment the photos he took of the Fox River in Chicago by afterwards dousing the negatives in gasoline and then setting them aflame. He then dunked them in water to stop them from being completely destroyed.

High Voltage and Cleaning Products

Artist Phillip Stearns uses instant color film and zaps it with some high voltage after dousing it in household cleaning products (vinegar, bleach, that kind of stuff) for his elaborately named series Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Other Vision Technologies, Real or Otherwise Imagined. The results look like ink-blotch jellyfish or like you're staring at some bizarre microscopic underwater world. [via]

selfies ; narcissism or self exploration article

print

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/positively-media/201304/selfies-narcissism-or-self-exploration

http://feminspire.com/the-evolution-of-selfie-culture-self-expression-narcissism-or-objectification/

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/19/selfie-narcissism-oxford-dictionary-word

http://www.bestcomputerscienceschools.net/selfies/

http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/selfie-word-of-2013-sums-up-our-age-of-narcissism-1.1623385

"selfie" history

Selfie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


A selfie is a type of self-portrait photograph, typically taken with a hand-held digital camera or camera phone. Selfies are often associated with social networking. They are often casual, are typically taken either with a camera held at arm's length or in a mirror, and typically include either only the photographer or the photographer and as many people as can be in focus. Selfies taken that involve multiple people are known as "group selfies". In August 2013 the Guardian produced a film series titled Thinkfluencer[1] exploring selfie exposure in the UK. Denoting a pathological condition: Selfieism.
The term "selfie" was discussed by photographer Jim Krause in 2005,[7] although photos in the selfie genre predate the widespread use of the term. In the early 2000s, before Facebook became the dominant online social network, self-taken photographs were particularly common on MySpace. However, writer Kate Losse recounts that between 2006 and 2009 (when Facebook became more popular than MySpace), the "MySpace pic" (typically "an amateurish, flash-blinded self-portrait, often taken in front of a bathroom mirror") became an indication of bad taste for users of the newer Facebook social network. Early Facebook portraits, in contrast, were usually well-focused and more formal, taken by others from distance. In 2009 in the image hosting and video hosting website Flickr, Flickr users used 'selfies' to describe seemingly endless self-portraits posted by teenage girls.[8] According to Losse, improvements in design—especially the front-facing camera copied by the iPhone 4 (2010) from Korean and Japanese mobile phones and mobile photo apps such as Instagram—led to the resurgence of selfies in the early 2010s.[9]


Macaque selfie
Initially popular with young people, selfies have become popular among adults as well.[10][11] In December 2012, Time magazine noted that selfie was among its "top 10 buzzwords" of 2012; although selfies had existed for years, it was in 2012 that the term "really hit the big time".[12] According to a 2013 survey, two-thirds of Australian women age 18–35 take selfies—the most common purpose for which is posting on Facebook.[11] A poll commissioned by smartphone and camera maker Samsung found that selfies make up 30% of the photos taken by people aged 18–24.[13] The longest series of images noted as a
“Selfie” was started in August of 1961 and continues through 2014 by photographer Kevin E. Schmidt of Maquoketa, Iowa. The first image in the series was taken with a Polaroid J 66 camera the last with a Galaxy S phone.
By 2013, the word "selfie" had become commonplace enough to be monitored for inclusion in the online version of the Oxford English Dictionary.[14] In November 2013, the word "selfie" was announced as being the "word of the year" by the Oxford English Dictionary, which gave the word itself an Australian origin.[15]
Sociology[edit]

The appeal of selfies comes from how easy they are to create and share, and the control they give self-photographers over how they present themselves. Many selfies are intended to present a flattering image of the person, especially to friends whom the photographer expects to be supportive.[10][11] However, a 2013 study of Facebook users found that posting photos of oneself correlates with lower levels of social support from and intimacy with Facebook friends (except for those marked as Close Friends);[16] The lead author of the study suggests that "those who frequently post photographs on Facebook risk damaging real-life relationships."[17] The photo messaging application Snapchat is also largely used to send selfies. Some users of Snapchat choose to send intentionally-unattractive selfies to their friends for comedic purposes.
Posting intentionally unattractive selfies has also become common in the early 2010s—in part for their humor value, but in some cases also to explore issues of body image or as a reaction against the perceived narcissism or over-sexualization of typical selfies.[18]
Gender roles, sexuality, and privacy[edit]
Selfies are particularly popular among girls and young women. Sociologist Ben Agger describes the trend of selfies as "the male gaze gone viral", and sociologist and women's studies professor Gail Dines links it to the rise of porn culture and the idea that "there's only one way to visibility, and that's fuckability."[19] Writer Andrew Keen has pointed out that while selfies are often intended to give the photographer control over how their image is presented, posting images publicly or sharing them with others who do so may have the opposite effect—dramatically so in the case of revenge porn, where ex-lovers post sexually explicit photographs or nude selfies (sexting photos) to exact revenge or humiliate their former lovers.[19] Copyright law may be effective in forcing the removal of private selfies from public that were forwarded to another person.[20]
Celebrity selfies[edit]
Many celebrities -- especially sex symbols -- post selfies for their followers on social media, and provocative or otherwise interesting celebrity selfies are the subject of regular press coverage. Some commentators, such as Emma Barnett of The Telegraph, have argued that sexy celebrity selfies (and sexy non-celebrity selfies) can be empowering to the selfie-takers but harmful to women in general as they promote viewing women as sex objects.[21] Actor and avid selfie poster James Franco has defended the legitimacy of selfies as a way of communicating about oneself. According to Franco, "while the celebrity selfie is most powerful as a pseudo-personal moment, the noncelebrity selfie is a chance for subjects to glam it up, to show off a special side of themselves".[22]
In Korea, the K-pop celebrities use the term selca for their selfies. The term is derived from the words "self" and "camera".[23]
Psychology and neuroscience[edit]

According to a study performed by Nicola Bruno and Marco Bertamini at the University of Parma, selfies by non-professional photographers show a slight bias for showing the left cheek of the selfie-taker.[24] This is similar to what has been observed for portraits by professional painters from many different historical periods and styles,[25] indicating that the left cheek bias may be rooted in asymmetries of brain lateralization that are well documented within cognitive neuroscience. In a second study,[26] the same group tested if selfie takers without training in photography spontaneously adhere to widely prescribed rules of photographic composition, such as the rule of thirds. It seems that they do not, suggesting that these rules may be conventional rather than hardwired in the brain's perceptual preferences.
In modern art[edit]

In 2013 artist Patrick Specchio and the Museum of Modern Art presented an exhibit called Art in Translation: Selfie, The 20/20 Experience, in which viewers use a provided digital camera to take photographs of themselves in a large mirror.[39]

#Thinkfluencer episode 1: Selfies - video - http://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2013/aug/29/thinkfluencer-episode-1-selfies-video

Super-connector, early-adopter and self-appointed celebrity web guru Nimrod Kamer (@nnimrodd) inserts himself uninvited into other people's innocent social media shots in a bid to deconstruct the latest internet phenomenon. In this pilot episode he meets his fellow celebrities and other deep virtual thinkers and takes on the scourge of the 'selfie'

#ridic #incred 

edward munk shot himself for his paintings

------------------------------------

Put makeup on before he wakes up

The only time I remember leaving the house without makeup in the last 2 years is going to the hospital

You’re insecure and you use makeup as a mask.

Cover it.

By women who hate women, for women who hate themselves

“Maybe she’s born with it, Maybe its Maybelline.”

“pretty powerful.”

Facebook bad enough for self-esteem, studies find; Instagram is worse

http://holykaw.alltop.com/facebook-bad-enough-for-self-esteem-studies-find-instagram-is-worse

images will crack your mirror.

Women's Self-Esteem Affected By Idealized Female Images... But Not In The Way You Think The Huffington Post | By Ellie Krupnick

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/27/womens-self-esteem_n_2774083.html

http://getoffmyinternets.net/

addresses people who post about their lives ia instagram twitter and facebook

Is Social Media Destroying Your Self-Esteem?

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jmaureenhenderson/2012/07/11/is-social-media-destroying-your-self-esteem/

Women are now more active than men across major social media platforms such as Twitter, Pinterest and Facebook and have a stronger attachment to social networking than do men, but does time spent online and the aspirational messages they’re bombarded with on these sites actually have a negative effect on their psyches? 

Pinterest itself has acknowledged the potential for pinned content to be damaging to users’ self-images and deemed this a big enough issue to opt for banning thinspiration or ‘thinspo’  pin boards

media influence women’s self-perceptions. 

for validation

Dove Campaign Asks Women, 'When Did You Stop Thinking You Were Beautiful?'

Mo' Selfies, Mo' Problems? How Those Pics Can Chip Away At Your Self-Esteem by JUL 29, 2013 11:20 AMKRISTIN BOOKER

http://www.refinery29.com/2013/07/50626/selfies

We are in the throes of Selfie Nation,

Narcissus drowned because he was so enchanted with his own reflection

personal crisis

When you’re so busy controlling your image that you miss the moment entirely. 

clicks, 'likes,' 

to feed their self-esteem

Jess Weiner, Global Self-Esteem Ambassador for Dove, a social messaging strategist, and CEO of Talk to Jess, has seen a considerable rise in self-esteem issues with the pressure to constantly be camera-ready. “I have seen a remarkable shift is self-esteem issues with the rise of the selfies," she says. "The pressure to be camera-ready can elevate self-esteem issues, with the pressure of commenting on posts and with the rise of social media. It has a more competitive aspect, and that can really put the pressure on.” 

77% women would consider themselves ‘camera-shy,’ and 63% of women destroyed a photo they didn't like.” 
a generational issue?

There's a lot of self-editing going on#

Many women and girls who are shy use selfies to portray themselves as a different character.

internal as much as the external,

life as it really is

perfect and model-ready

“Social anxiety

uncomfortable

Facebook profile photo

im 15, and i wont leave the house without wearing makeup, is that sad?

 i NEVER leave the house without makeup

 it is totally normal... You will find there are a lot of people like you,

Very sad. You need to work on your self esteem

"fix your face"

Wait until I put on my face

#nomakeup

#nofilter

 is a bit sad and leaves something to be said about your self image. Maybe you should do some soul searching and remember that people will only see you for as beautiful as you think that you are. If you don't think that you are pretty, why should other people?

 put makeup on before he wakes up

I needed foundation

 I was so insecure about my face

 The only time I remember leaving the house without makeup in the last 2 years is going to the hospital

you're afraid

what other people will think if of you.

a mask

 you're insecure and you use makeup as a mask.

exposed

absoulutly refuse

 an obsessive thingh

 looks completely awful when your face is red

the problem spots

cover it

For longer lashes

• By women who hate women, for women who hate themselves

Cosmetic advertising campaign research

Maybelline "Maybe she's born with it, Maybe it's maybelline."

bobbi brown campaign

“Be Pretty. Be Confident. Be Who You Are.”

21APR

In a recent New York Times article by Catherine Saint Louis, “Up the Career Ladder, Lipstick in Hand,” make-up artist Bobbi Brown is quoted as saying, “We are able to transform ourselves, not only how we are perceived, but how we feel… People will have a bad reaction if… the makeup is not enhancing your natural beauty.”

In articles we’ve been reading for class, a few of them mention Brown and her cosmetics line. I kept wondering if this was a coincidence or just the fact that BB is a popular brand of make-up for women, which I know it is. But, what started to click for me this weekend was the fact that Brown’s make-up campaign is called “Pretty Powerful.”

Brown is constantly seen promoting this idea of enhancing one’s beauty and maybe adding a “pop of color” here or there on the cheeks or lips with her popular pot rouge. Her website brings this into an interesting place. Not only does it allow consumers to shop for her products and read about the artist herself, but the “Pretty Powerful” branches into this interesting series of videos called “Pretty Inspiring,” allowing people to “explore and read their stories, watch their videos, and get makeup how-tos” from these beautiful and ordinary-looking women. There’s practically a look for everyone, for every skin tone, every face shape, and a range of dramatic to natural make-up looks.

What struck me was the variety of women. 32 women. After clicking on each of the women’s faces, one will see their before and after photo without make-up and with make-up, in other words in their “Tranformations,” as appropriately labeled in this section of the website. I must admit that for a person who does wear make-up every once in a while, I am attracted to these looks and would replicate them on myself. They don’t make drastic alterations to the face. Rather, they enhance what these women already have by adding some color and contour. I think these looks are pretty and that these women are pretty.

Within these photographs, these women evoke a sense of normality and appeal to the average person. They look happy and confident. What I enjoy the most is that these women still look happy and confident in their photos without make-up. Unlike the idea of make-up as paint, a historic term mentioned in Kathy Peiss’ book Hope in a Jar which examines the history of America’s beauty culture, these looks do not cover or hide these women.

Brown’s campaign asks people to join in “empowering women and girls… with the confidence and resources to be their best.” Women want to be powerful, and they are. Women want to be confident, and they are. For many years to come, it seems make-up is and will be that resource women turn to for that boost.

So, we return to this recurring idea about make-up being use as a tool to represent a woman’s sense of power in self. It’s quite intriguing to me how this idea not only translates through scholarly and historical writings of American Studies, but also how this translates into the media, into business, into marketing, into bodies, into mentalities, etc.

But also, this beauty is still created through cosmetics. It’s still make-up, right? Are painting and enhancing two separate ideas? Or, are they the same both ways?

found on buzzfeed, if cosmetic slogans were realistic

Ellen responding to A&C's decision to stop making clothing for women above a size 10.

background. "god hath given you one face and you give yourselves another."

My discussion of private verses public lives in my past paintings with a particular interest in the lives and actions of the female have led to new plans and developments. How a woman would be more conscious about not wearing make up in public or being dressed in a certain way in public. I photographed friends in their "comfort zones"; make up free and in comfortable lazy day clothing. I collaged their images into busy public streets or shopping centres (a place which condones the competition between women with regard to outward appearances and the commercial idea of "beauty") and painted this onto board.
Now I am exclusively focusing on the idea of self image and focusing from the female perspective. According to the article Mo' Selfies, Mo' Problems? How Those Pics Can Chip Away At Your Self-Esteem by JUL 29, 2013 11:20 which can be found at http://www.refinery29.com/2013/07/50626/selfies stated; "77% women would consider themselves ‘camera-shy,’ and 63% of women destroyed a photo they didn't like.” What I found frustrating when trying to photograph girls in order to then paint them was their reluctance to be photographed make up free. Perhaps this is a generational issue?

Jess Weiner, Global Self-Esteem Ambassador for Dove, a social messaging strategist, and CEO of Talk to Jess, has seen a considerable rise in self-esteem issues with the pressure to constantly be camera-ready. “I have seen a remarkable shift is self-esteem issues with the rise of the selfies," she says. "The pressure to be camera-ready can elevate self-esteem issues, with the pressure of commenting on posts and with the rise of social media. It has a more competitive aspect, and that can really put the pressure on.”

As a girl at the age of twenty years old who has entered the world of social media and attached at the hip with the new purchase of a smart phone, the notorious Samsung Galaxy s2 to be exact, I have exposed myself to a tsunami of confidence shattering images. Images that are here to help improve me, to help me make my cheek bones more refined, my eyes bigger, my eyelashes longer and fuller, my hair more fabulous, my eye brows more shapeful in order to compliment further my newely refined face. These images aim to help me transform my bone structure into something more "perfect" and not me. But it doesn't stop at the face, in order to confine with popular tastes I must use bronzing powder to shade abs onto stomach and a little extra to give me more cleavage. Scrolling through Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter it is hard to stay clear minded and refuse this as the idea of beauty. A quote keeps floating in my mind whenever I scroll past another one of these "helpful" guidelines to a beautiful face and body.. "god hath given you one face, and you give yourselves another."

Glass. Glass is a substance that seems common in every aspect of this craze. The idea of display, of being admired or judged from behind glass. Either the glass of a tv screen, a laptop screen, the glass lense of a camera, the touch sensitive glass of a smart phone through which these images are being filtered through. It is glass that holds the liquid that is going to help the transformation. And it is glass that is between you and the mirror you inspect yourself with before leaving the house each morning to face the public eye, to face the public judgement.

Young girls seek the internet to find advice to help subside their confidence issues. These forum topics range from problems with girls feeling unable to face the public eye make-up free, and it is the pressure placed from the commercial media that have warped the perception of normality especially focusing on the female body that influence these issues.

I plan on doing primary research by re-visiting the internet asking questions and gaining a broader knowledge into the minds of other females of my age and their opinions. I plan on incorporating the text from these answers into my art.

Glass has influenced me to try various things. I want to print this text onto clear acetate and place this into rectangular blocks of resin. I want to then photograph these pieces on the plane of the horizontal of the torso, so that it is visible through the text and resin. I am hoping the resin will warp the body shape behind it in order to bring light to the fact that their is beauty in everything, no matter what shape or shade.

I also want to scribe this text onto glass and photograph the body through it. I will also try this technique using light bulbs, writing in black around it and having the light shine through onto the body and photographing this ( parts of the body will be highlighted with light that has been filtered through these words before actually hitting the body, It would be more effective if I used words from the adverts created by the media that target these girls bodies). I will experiment with the camera with this idea. I want to do face shots which are lit up with this light. I may also try painting the body onto mirror, and scraping the words from the back so they are visible through the front. This idea also investigates the idea of narcissism as it would be of interest to see if people seek their own image first in the work before the actual painting. This tests the whole issue of body shape awareness. I will do paintings of  the face as well as different blocks of the body. I will place these different parts of the body in such a way as to make them correspond and mirror the viewers body so that they can compare. or to see if they compare in the first place.

The text which I will gather from the online forums will also influence the photographic development aspect of my work. I wish to experiment with negatives and the dark room, by either scraping or painting on with bleach these words onto the negatives of pictures of the female figure and seeing how these turn out when developed in the dark room. I am going to try these using a color film before a black and white film.

I have many ideas for film, one of which involves masks, again referring to Hamlets quote "god hath given you one face and you give yourselves another". This I wish to incorporate in a surreal kind of horror manner. the idea with this film is go hard or go home. I wish to place 5 full length mirrors in a dark room with lights highlighting certain mirrors and certain aspects of the body's of the two girls I want to place in the middle. The girls will be as exposed as they are willing to be (its hard to get people who are willing to stand in front of a camera so exposed and vulnerable so this will be the challenging part). I want the girls to each pick up a white blank porcelain mask and turn to face each other, and paint "cheeks, contour lines etc" with dripping paint onto each others masks. This is more explored in an earlier post. The reason I want to girls to paint each others faces and not say.. a man.. (which most people would think I would do having probably reached the conclusion that I am a raving feminist.. which I'm not) is because having done a lot of research in the past two weeks I have discovered that is women who place this pressure on other women, not men (apart from the ones in the cosmetics industry that just need to sell their products and make money). It is of the opinion that women find competition in each other, and this is a strictly female issue which I wish to research for my essay this year to help with my studio work and make informed decisions based on the information I gather.
See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMS4VJKekW8 for a Tedd Talk by Caroline Heldman.


More research and article links you may read if interested. Ive spent the majority of the last 2 weeks doing research and gathering information.
Bobbi Brown make up uses slogans like "pretty powerful" or "pretty inspriring". In an article in the New York Times article by Catherine Saint Louis, “Up the Career Ladder, Lipstick in Hand.
"Brown’s campaign asks people to join in “empowering women and girls… with the confidence and resources to be their best.” Women want to be powerful, and they are. Women want to be confident, and they are. For many years to come, it seems make-up is and will be that resource women turn to for that boost.

So, we return to this recurring idea about make-up being use as a tool to represent a woman’s sense of power in self. It’s quite intriguing to me how this idea not only translates through scholarly and historical writings of American Studies, but also how this translates into the media, into business, into marketing, into bodies, into mentalities, etc.

But also, this beauty is still created through cosmetics. It’s still make-up, right? Are painting and enhancing two separate ideas? Or, are they the same both ways?"

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Mirror Mirror: self portraits by women artists
Liz Rideal with essays by Whitne Chadwick and Frances Borzello
Pg 8 - Like Narcissus before (Nina Hamnett), Hamnett turned to the reflected image for access to an "other," a self defined in and through representation.
She took part ni the first all female self portrait exhibition in the Royal Albert Hall .
In second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir structured secual difference and self identification around the reflected image. "Woman/ sees herself in a glass".

Pg 17 "under this mask, another mask. I will never be finished carrying all these faces." - Claude Cahun, Aves non Avenus, 1930)

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art in America article on lisa yuskavage

http://www.careylovelace.com/articles/LisaYuskavage.pdf

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Dazed and confused articles;

1)  http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/18694/1/how-to-sell-shit-to-women

2)http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/18662/1/laura-bates-everyday-sexism-how-to-be-woman-online

3) http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/18432/1/our-ten-favourite-digifeminist-artists

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Kaye Donachie's Malady of Death; http://deesartisticadventure.blogspot.ie/2014/02/kaye-donachies-malady-of-death.html

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Video Idea as I wrote in my blog http://deesartisticadventure.blogspot.ie/2014/01/video-idea.html

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Things you should know about the female article ; http://deesartisticadventure.blogspot.ie/2014/01/9-things-you-should-know-about-female.html

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Facebook bad enough for self-esteem, studies find; Instagram is worse http://holykaw.alltop.com/facebook-bad-enough-for-self-esteem-studies-find-instagram-is-worse

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Women's Self-Esteem Affected By Idealized Female Images... But Not In The Way You Think The Huffington Post | By Ellie Krupnick http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/27/womens-self-esteem_n_2774083.html

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http://getoffmyinternets.net/ - addresses people who post about their lives ia instagram twitter and facebook

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Is Social Media Destroying Your Self-Esteem?; http://www.forbes.com/sites/jmaureenhenerson/2012/07/11/is-social-media-destroying-your-self-esteem/

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notes on Mirror images ; women, surrealism, and self-representation by whitney chadwick; http://deesartisticadventure.blogspot.ie/2014/02/notes-on-mirror-images-women-surrealism.html

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to see more visit my blog 

http://deesartisticadventure.blogspot.ie/